Humans typically have 46 chromosomes in each cell of their body, made up of 22 paired chromosomes and two sex chromosomes. Changes in the coding that makes a gene function can lead to a wide range of conditions. A change in a gene can occur spontaneously (no known cause) or it can be inherited. Sometimes, a gene contains a change that disrupts the gene’s instructions. The letter sequence of each gene contains information on building specific molecules (such as proteins or hormones – both essential to the growth and maintenance of the human body).Īlthough every cell has two copies of each gene, each cell needs only certain genes to be switched on in order to perform its particular functions. These letters are used like an instruction book. The genes are like a series of letters strung along each edge. ![]() Chromosomes are long strands of a chemical substance called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).Ī DNA strand looks like a twisted ladder. Almost every cell in the human body contains a copy of this blueprint, mostly stored inside a special sac within the cell called the nucleus. ![]() Your chromosomes contain the blueprint for your body – your genes.
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